Spring/Summer 2025

Invasive Wild Pigs: Rooting toward Montana

Two images of feral pigs side-by-side. They are large with grey and brown fur, long snouts, and yellow tusks.

Imagine checking the fields at sunrise only to find them cratered like the moon – ankle-deep divots, overturned sod, muddy wallows, and skittish livestock. No, aliens didn’t land. It was the arrival of feral swine...

 

 

Smart Swaps for Eggs in the Kitchen

A carton for six eggs holds 5 half-shells. Each half contains a different egg substitute, such as chia seeds, flax seeds, banana, applesauce, and egg replacer powder.

In the past few months, the cost of eggs has doubled in much of the U.S., leaving many shoppers searching for alternative options.


 

Get Your Kicks at 6!

Spectators in camp chairs watch and children dance in front of a wooden bandstand with a 4-person band playing inside
It was a chilly day in fall 2023 when a group of Choteau-ites gathered at a local eatery to brainstorm. The inspiration was the recent completion of a wooden bandshell in Choteau’s City Park...

 

Mindfulness for Teens

A teenager smiles serenely with her eyes closed

Changes in technology, especially for teens, have initiated searches for solutions to counter the effects of the new stress in adolescence. Mindfulness is a top strategy to help youth work through concerns that are real to them.

 

Master Gardner Spotlight: Meeting Moths

A sphinx moth that is tan with black and white markings on its body and forewings. The hindwings are pink and black.

Pollinators such as bees, butterflies, flies, and beetles can be noted visiting a diverse range of flowers in the daytime, but during the darker evening hours, a barely-thought-about pollinator world emerges.

 

 

orange marigolds
 

For centuries, humans all over the world have used natural dyes from plants to color fibers, textiles and food. With the discovery and increasing useof synthetic dyes in the 1850s, a move away from natural colorants to cheaper and easily available dye options spread throughout the clothing industry. 

Chickens of different colors peck at the ground
 

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), often referred to as bird flu, is a virus that results in high mortality rates in domestic poultry and some wild birds. While low pathogenic variants are more common, lead to less severe disease or no clinical disease and are easily managed, the current highly pathogenic strain of bird flu has resulted in the deaths of tens of millions of birds since 2022.

a row of plastic bottles with brightly colored liquids inside
 

The term “electrolytes” refers to substances that have either a natural positive or negative charge when dissolved in water. The average adult’s body is about 60 percent water, with every fluid and cell utilizing electrolytes for chemical reactions, fluid balance, and helping the heart, brain, muscles, and nerves to function.

a person holds a can of spray foam above a doorframe with exposed studs and insulation visible on the surrounding wall.
 

Ninety percent of American homes are underinsulated, drafty and unevenly heated. If a home has these problems, it may be time to conduct an energy audit.

green lawns are broken up by sidewalks in front of a row of houses
 

Turfgrass refers to grasses that grow in a uniform manner to form dense and even coverage in a landscape, and are primarily used for lawns, athletic fields, and golf courses. Of the 11,000 species of grasses worldwide, only a few fit the characteristics of ideal “turfgrass.”

white and brown snail shells are attached to a plant stalk
 

The Eastern Heath Snail (Xerolenta obvia) is a tiny invasive land snail that’s gaining a foothold in Montana that could result in big impacts to the state. 

a cropped detail of a map of montana
 

Map of 4-H Fair dates for summer 2025.